Before getting into the details on how a water pump works, it is important to first know what exactly a water pump is. So a water pump is an electrical device designed to take the already existing water and increase the rate at which that water is moving. When the water is speeding up in the pump, the device is creating low pressure at the intake, therefore creating a vacuum.
As the water is coming from the low-pressure side, the water outlet undergoes a higher pressure and pushes the water with that force. They are various types of water pumps, but the two main categories that will be looked into in this article are the centrifugal water pumps and the positive displacement water pumps. Below is a detailed look into how a water pump works.
This is a water pump that is powered by a device called the impeller. It consists of many blades that direct the water through the pump. These water pumps come in different models: standard, trash, and submersible. Such pumps are known to work well with thin liquids and offer high flow rates.
How it Works
At the heart of a centrifugal water pump lies the impeller. It has a series of curved blades. These blades can be fitted with shroud plates. Such a water pump is considered to be the most efficient. The impeller is always immersed in water so that the water pump can work its magic.
When you switch on your water pump, the impeller is made to rotate, thus, in turn, making the fluid around it also rotate. In this case, water. This rotation imparts a centrifugal force to the water particles, which causes the water to move radially out.
Since rotational mechanical energy is transferred to the fluid, at the discharge sides of the impeller, both pressure and kinetic energy of the water will increase. At the suction part of the water pump, water is getting displaced, thus causing low pressure to be induced.
This low pressure helps in sucking the water into the system again. This creates some kind of cyclic process. With a centrifugal water pump, the impeller is normally fitted inside a casing. This is so that the water moving out will be collected inside it, and will move in the same direction of rotation of the impeller, to the water outlet.
It is important to note the speciality of the casing. It has an increasing area along the flow direction, which will help in accommodating the water that is coming in. In addition, it helps in reducing exit flow velocity. This, consequently, results in an increase in static pressure, which is essential in overcoming the resistance of the pumping system.
(Source:Pumpiee.com)
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